Microbiota intestinal e suas relações com a doença de Alzheimer: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64597/hm3qjb44Palavras-chave:
Microbiota intestinal, Doença de Alzheimer, Eixo Intestino-CérebroResumo
Esta revisão sistemática explora a relação entre a microbiota intestinal (MI) e a doença de Alzheimer (DA), uma condição neurodegenerativa caracterizada pelo acúmulo de placas βamiloides, neuroinflamação e disfunção da barreira hematoencefálica (BHE), levando a um declínio cognitivo progressivo e comprometimento da memória. Evidências sugerem que alterações na MI desempenham um papel relevante na patogênese da DA, tornando sua modulação uma estratégia terapêutica promissora. Com base nas diretrizes do PRISMA, foram analisados estudos publicados entre 2019 e 2024 nas bases de dados PubMed e Scopus, excluindo aqueles sem acesso completo. Os resultados apontam que mudanças na composição da MI aumentam a permeabilidade intestinal e desencadeiam neuroinflamação. Por outro lado, intervenções como probióticos, prebióticos, compostos bioativos e transplantes de microbiota fecal mostraram potencial para melhorar a saúde da MI e retardar a progressão da DA. Dietas específicas, como a mediterrânea e a cetogênica, também demonstraram benefícios cognitivos. No entanto, a dieta cetogênica pode favorecer o crescimento de microrganismos próinflamatórios. Estudos genéticos destacaram que genes como o ApoE4 influenciam a resposta inflamatória associada à MI. Além disso, estratégias inovadoras, como a estimulação do nervo vago, mostraram-se eficazes na redução de inflamações relacionadas à DA. A modulação da MI desponta como uma abordagem promissora tanto para a prevenção quanto para o tratamento da DA e outras doenças neurodegenerativas. No entanto, é essencial realizar estudos clínicos mais robustos. Abordagens personalizadas, que integrem nutrição, terapias farmacológicas e intervenções complementares, podem oferecer soluções eficazes para mitigar os impactos dessa doença.
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